Lesson 2

This is impossible and this is why. Let the company have \(n\) employees. Then, their total salary is \(100n\). But if \(0.54\) of them have a salary of at least \(200\), then their contribution to the total salary is already \(200\cdot 0.54n>100n\). The remaining employees (whose salary is less than 200) cannot reduce this sum, since salary, of course, is non-negative.

Essentially, this is what is called Markov's inequality. It states that the probability that a non-negative random variable takes a value significantly greater than its mean cannot be too large.