Lesson 4

There is nothing surprising in the fact that, when calculating discrete probabilities, we will constantly use combinatorial reasoning, in particular, the standard rules of sum, product, complement, and bijection. Let us provide several examples below. By default, we assume that the considered distribution is uniform: all outcomes are equally probable, that is, for any \(u \in U\), it holds that \(\Pr[u]=1/|U|\).